Abstract Beginning teachers face numerous challenges as they embark on their career path. Job-related stresses are well known in the teaching profession; lack of support, poor salaries, and student discipline issues are just some of the recurring themes that are often referenced as to why teachers exit the profession. What is rarely acknowledged by these teachers is their lack of confidence in the classroom. The beginning teachers’ sense of competency or level of efficacy is believed to play a...

Abstract Effective leadership is an integral part of creating a positive school community and positively impacts student learning. Various studies have aimed to investigate leadership qualities and traits that develop effective leadership. Many of these studies have focused on principals’ leadership behaviors and their impact on student achievement levels (Dutta & Sahney, 2016). School leadership evaluation models and professional learning standards support the concept of collective efficacy...