Abstract Research has shown a benefit to students with disabilities in inclusive settings. No studies conducted since the late 1970s have shown an academic advantage for students with intellectual and other developmental disabilities educated in a separate setting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a programmatic shift, in Language Arts Literacy (LAL), from pull out resource to inclusion for fourth-grade students with disabilities. Achievement scores in LAL for fourth-grade...

Abstract Research has shown that almost no notable improvements in education occur without professional development (Guskey, 2000); however, nearly half of all American teachers surveyed in 2009 reported that they were dissatisfied with the professional development offerings made available to them (Wei, et al., 2009). In this study, a personalized approach to professional development is implemented among middle level educators, in order to measure its impact on teachers' attitudes towards...